Every January, I calculate my total personal debt and compare it to the amount of the previous January. This is an act intended to foster fiscal responsibility and self-awareness. It invariably ends up throwing me into a deep depression, as hopelessness and fear overwhelm me.
For, dear readers, The Bittersweet Girl has a dark secret. On the surface she is a respectable member of society, a successful professional, someone who appears to Have It Together, and to whom students and friends turn for advice. But, the truth is that she is a debtor who hovers on the verge of bankruptcy and is only solvent because she relies financially upon her partner.
Enough of the cagey third person: I am in debt. My personal debt exceeds my yearly income, a very injurious statistic known as the “debt to income ratio,” a phrase I’ve heard numerous times as I’ve been turned down for loans. In the past year, I’ve managed to pay the tiniest fraction of my total debt, and, at this rate, I will only pay off my debt after many, many years — if ever.
I am a thrifty individual. I hate shopping. I don’t have a penchant for $300 shoes. I live modestly. I don’t take extravagant trips. I spend my money more or less wisely.
So, why am I so completely fucked? Graduate school, of course. Coupled with many years adjuncting at below-poverty-level pay before I landed a tenure-track job. Even now, after many years of as a tenure-track professor, the debts I acquired during that dark time are with me.
I know that, in the scheme of the “academic job market crisis,” I am one of the lucky ones. At least I have a full-time job with benefits! But every year I have a reckoning with the fact that if I ever want to be debt-free, I have to get another, higher paying job (unlikely, for a variety of reasons) or leave academia altogether.
During the years I was struggling to get by on loans and adjunct pay, I was convinced that if I could just get a regular salary, I would be OK. I never realized that, because my “regular salary” would be embarrassingly low, it would not suffice to pay off my debts.
Every year I think, this is the deep, dark secret of academia — at least, within the humanities.* Education costs money and the better the education (conventional wisdom tells us) the more it will cost. So, graduate students happily take out loans to finance their higher education and, particularly if they’re lucky enough to go to a Big Ivy, they believe that it’s worth the expense.
But, what’s not generally acknowledged is that the cost of education is not balanced by a reasonable paycheck. Our skills as teachers and researchers are so devalued that we are must settle for poorly-paid jobs (if we even get one). This is the circular screw job that many of us face: we will never be compensated for the work that we do to the extent that we will be able to pay off the debts we accrued getting the education that enables us to do this work.
I could go on and on about my own fears and frustrations but instead I would like to offer some unsolicited advice to those readers who may be considering a life in the gloried halls of academia:
Get the cheapest education you can get. I know that it seems that if Harvard comes knocking you should jump at the chance, even if it means taking out a few extra loans, but I strongly believe that it’s not worth it. In the field of literary studies at least, a Harvard degree is no guarantee of future employment. Far better to pay as little as possible up front for your education — go to a state school, go locally, go someplace where the teachers are passionate and committed but where there’s less name recognition, fewer on-campus latte stands, and no rock-climbing facilities in the gym.
Get a job during graduate school — and I don’t mean a job as a teaching assistant. Despite the standard line that “experience as a TA is crucial to being a successful job candidate,” the truth is that most TA positions are pure exploitation. We all know that TA pay is so terrible that it is virtually impossible to live without also taking out student loans. So, rather than TA-ing for years and years, get a “real job” as a waitress, a bartender, a high school school teacher, whatever — just as long as you are supporting yourself. Then, at the very end of your grad. school education, do some TA-ing so you can put it on your CV. But, I guarantee that no fresh-out-of-grad-school job candidate ever got the job because someone said, “gee, she’s really TA-ed a lot.”
Don’t adjunct. I know this is a heartless piece of advice because it presupposes that adjuncting or part time teaching is a choice when, for many, it’s a necessity. It also suggests that adjuncting is always a shit choice, while for some it’s a viable career.** The spirit behind this anti-adjuncting stance is: don’t put yourself in debt for a shot at the academic high life. Even if you can cobble together several teaching gigs at several institutions (and those of you who managed this kind of life deserve to be dipped in gold, as far as I’m concerned), it’s likely that the rewards will be meager — both financially but also spiritually and intellectually. Finally, the promise that you’ll one day land that full time, salaried position may not be as promising as it seems.
Be heartless, be ruthless, be a warrior-bitch-from-hell but get the highest possible salary you can get. If you do land a full time or tenure track job, you must negotiate for more money. Anyone who’s been in academia for a while can tell you that raises are a rarer than the ivory-billed woodpecker; your starting salary is as good as it’s going to get for a very, very long time. Chances are you’ll still make less than your high school friends who don’t even go to college.
For those who are professors, it is your ethical duty to accurately represent the financial realities of academia to your students. You cannot simply encourage your promising young students to apply to Harvard or Yale, tell them that they would make great PhDs, and portray the academic life as one long meeting of the salon over cigars and cognac. You’ve got to tell the truth about how much education costs and how little it pays. Naturally, your students will choose to believe (as you probably did) that they’ll be the exception to the rule, but it’s your responsibility to try to set them straight.
On these few rules might the grinding cogs of academic exploitation be halted. I only wish someone had warned me so many years ago — right before I signed that first student loan promissory note.
* Of course, all my characterizations of the academic life refer to one narrow slice of the pie, the little quivering piece left in the pan after all the big boys have had their helpings: the humanities. Could a more worthy and more devalued area of academia exist? I understand that in the sciences and other “hard” disciplines, they drink from jewel-encrusted goblets, sleep on mounds of dollar bills, and put what’s left over in Swiss bank accounts — but I could be mistaken about that.
** I wanted to link a few blogs about adjuncting here, that would more fully represent this complicated issue, but I stumbled across the Invisible Adjunct’s farewell post and now I’m too depressed to look further. Okay, it’s almost four years old but it’s still tragic.

10 comments
Comments feed for this article
January 25, 2008 at 1:37 am
Flavia
Dear God, yes. I thought getting a tenure-track job would mean that I slowly started being able to chip away at my debt. . . but I strongly suspect that it’s grown (the credit card debt has, for sure).
This is all great advice, although I disagree about what “getting the cheapest education you can” actually means: frankly, attending a school like Harvard strikes me as one of the *smartest* financial decisions a grad student in literature could make (given that pursuing a graduate degree in literature is itself a financially insane decision). I didn’t go to Harvard, so I don’t know the exact specifics of their funding, but several comparable institutions in comparable cities are paying grad students 9-month stipends of around $20K these days. That’s still not a TON of money, but it’s more than you can get at a state school, and the first two years at Harvard don’t involve any teaching (and the load is light thereafter). I’m also quite sure there’s a guaranteed one-year dissertation fellowship and lots of opportunities for summer fellowships and funding. All that also translates into shorter time to degree, so hopefully even less debt in the long run.
There are plenty of reasons to think twice about getting a PhD at a school like Harvard, don’t get me wrong–but funding isn’t one of them.
January 25, 2008 at 7:11 am
Sisyphus
Oy. Way to make me feel cheerful. (BTW, how much debt equals fucked beyond all belief? I started out with no debt, but may be getting up there now.)
From the “cheap but no-name school” side, I’d say you’re _more_ likely to get locked into the exploitative TA and adjunct cycle, never getting any work done, and take longer and longer to finish — or just never actually finish, which is heartbreaking to watch — some of my friends have given up, and have huge debt _and_ no PhD (even sadder are the ones who mostly gave up about 10 years ago but are still cobbling the adjunct thing together).
And there are plenty of profs in my dept. who say “only ivies” when they look through our search pile. In fact, there are so many Stanford grads floating around CA that CCs and CSUs can have them for the taking — so they aren’t hiring “lower” schools, since they can have the prestige of those degrees on their dept websites. Which may mean I’m pretty much fucked.
January 25, 2008 at 11:59 am
bsgirl
Flavia, Good points all.
Maybe I should revise my advice to read: Get the cheapest education you can get. Or, get the most expensive education someone else will pay you to get.
January 26, 2008 at 11:31 am
Nathaniel Scott
keep in the fight! i’m sure you have checked out your resources. if you haven’t already, check out Dave Ramsey. he’s got some sound advice. we’re fighting to be debt free as well. and we live frugally as it is. but if you keep looking you’d be surprised at what you can find. every little bit counts.
best wishes
January 27, 2008 at 9:52 pm
Chuck
I was relatively lucky when it came to post-Ph.D. and pre-tenure-track employment (I never adjuncted, for example, though I did have to take a number of summer jobs, including grading SAT essay exams), but I face a somewhat similar debt. I’m at a university where only a small number of students plan to attend graduate school, but like you, I do try to warn students about the investment required to get a PhD. I try to avoid actually discouraging them (because I do like what I do), but students should enter into graduate school with their eyes open and should be made aware of their function as graduate employees in most cases.
January 30, 2008 at 2:44 pm
Notorious Ph.D.
Your post really resonated with me. Like you, I maintain a bit of surface financial respectability (pay my bills on time; buy fancy organic groceries), but my debt (student loans and consumer debt) exceeds my annual gross income by about 25%. And I’m in my fifth year on a TT job.
Here’s the deal: I could probably have gotten out of grad school with much less debt than I did (though not none), but there came a point when I realized that, although I was in my early 30s, I was still being treated like a recalcitrant teenager. I couldn’t do anything about it, so I snapped, and started buying things. Most notably, grown-up furniture, but I also insisted on picking up the tab for friends at lunches. Plus, I had a $130-a-month coffee shop budget while ABD. Which, in retrospect, I should have tracked and written off on my taxes as a work-related expense, no?
February 4, 2008 at 6:20 pm
profacero
I started the tenure track debt free and almost 20 years my debt is 80% of my gross income.
Why? School supplies! The university doesn’t pay for conferences, printing, paper, pens, books, etc., and initially it didn’t pay for computers, either. Also: taking job candidates out to eat and so on, and invited speakers (university doesn’t pay for that, either) … You’d be surprised how only slightly exceeding your income each year, always thinking, well, I have a paper in this MLA, and interviews, so even though there isn’t budget to pay for the trip, I should really go, I can pay it off … well, you’d be surprised how that adds up over time. Or maybe not surprised, maybe you already know.
Now I am claiming I have organized myself in such a way as to move down in debt not up. I hope.
February 12, 2008 at 1:57 am
Tiff
Good points. I must say, though, that I WAS warned along these lines when I first started grad school, but that didn’t deter me. I wanted the PhD – it had personal meaning to me and I didn’t want to do anything else, regardless of the dismal job prospects. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t be honest about it, just that people will have different motivations and tolerance for financial sacrifice. Was it worth a six-figure student loan debt? Hard to say, certainly not in any logical/rational way.
I just quit my adjunct gig after 4 years, the drain on my spirit and intellect being even more serious than the drain on my finances.
February 13, 2008 at 5:35 pm
squadratomagico
I think I would be even more heartless here and say: Do not, on any account, accrue significant debt for the sake of a PhD. Period.
For all the reasons you outline — several-year delays in getting on the tenure track, very poor pay once you land a full-time position, accrued interest, the need to purchase an expensive professional wardrobe, often to pay for overseas travel and expensive books as well — this is just not a viable career to embark upon with large debts.
I advise my aspiring students to pay tuition for one year, if absolutely necessary, and then see if they can land a TA position that will take care of further tuition and health care. If they do not get a TA-ship by the second year, then I advise them to consider another profession rather than going down the road to multi-year debt. This is exactly what I did: paid for a year, then “supported” myself (just barely, and with no luxuries at all) with TAing and grants. I had some debt when I got the PhD, but I was able to get out from under it.
Academia can be a good life, but it just isn’t worth the sacrifices people make for it:
“Geee, I have to wait until my early 30s to actually earn a salary — and a bad one at that? OK!!”
“Oh, you want me to live hundreds of miles apart from my partner and family so I can be an academic? Sure!!”
“Oh, and I also have to live in circumstances I would never voluntarily choose? okie dokey! (e.g., a rural environment for urbanites and vice versa)
“Oh, you mean I can’t have children because my partner is three states away? OK!! Thank you, sir, may I have another!”
“In order to have this degree, I need to be in debt for several decades and have no disposable income during that time? Why of course!!!”
“Oh, and in addition I have to take 6-8 years for a postgraduate degree, then work 60-80 hours per week, for that crappy salary? Nice!!”
What is wrong with this scenario?
February 14, 2008 at 5:03 pm
Un Bon Post « Professor Zero
[...] it is a thoughtful post on Marc Bosquet and How the University Works. And the Bittersweet Girl reminds us not to mislead students on the cost of a graduate education. My addition to that is not to mislead [...]